Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. It can affect multiple organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain.

Causes:
The exact cause of SLE is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Certain triggers, such as infections, sunlight, and medications, can exacerbate symptoms in susceptible individuals.

Joint Pain and Swelling: Often symmetrical and affecting multiple joints.
Fatigue: Persistent and debilitating tiredness.
Skin Rash: Butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose (malar rash).
Photosensitivity: Skin sensitivity to sunlight, leading to rashes or flare-ups.
Fever: Low-grade fevers without infection.
Kidney Problems: Such as nephritis, leading to blood or protein in the urine.
Neurological Symptoms: Headaches, seizures, or cognitive difficulties.
Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Fingers and toes turn white or blue in response to cold or stress.

Diagnosis: Diagnosing SLE involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests (including antinuclear antibody test), and sometimes imaging studies to assess organ involvement. Criteria set by the American College of Rheumatology help classify and diagnose SLE.