Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and stiffness. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear on joints, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints (synovium). This leads to swelling that can eventually erode bone and cartilage, causing joint deformity and disability if left untreated.

Symptoms and Diagnosis
RA often starts gradually with symptoms like joint pain, stiffness (particularly in the mornings or after periods of inactivity), and swelling. The joints most commonly affected are those in the hands, wrists, knees, and feet, although it can affect any joint. Other symptoms may include fatigue, fever, and weight loss.

Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate to slow disease progression, and biologic agents that target specific parts of the immune system.
Physical Therapy: Exercises and therapies to improve joint function, strengthen muscles, and maintain mobility.
Lifestyle Modifications: Healthy lifestyle habits such as maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and managing stress can help reduce symptoms and improve overall well-being.
Surgery: In severe cases where joints are significantly damaged, surgical options such as joint replacement may be considered to restore function and reduce pain.