Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions worldwide. It is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, the slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint. As cartilage wears down over time, bones may rub together, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling.

Symptoms and Diagnosis:
The symptoms of OA usually develop gradually and worsen over time. Common signs include joint pain, especially after activity or towards the end of the day, stiffness in the affected joint(s) after rest, swelling, and decreased range of motion. OA commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, as well as joints in the hands.

Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs) to manage pain and inflammation. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be recommended for short-term relief.
Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen muscles around the joint, improve flexibility, and enhance mobility. This can help reduce pain and prevent further deterioration.
Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular low-impact exercise (e.g., swimming, cycling), and using joint protection techniques to minimize stress on joints.
Assistive Devices: Using devices such as braces, splints, or orthotics to support joints and improve function.
Surgical Options: In severe cases where conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgical procedures like joint replacement (e.g., knee or hip replacement) may be considered to restore mobility and reduce pain.